The new Republican government sought to institute, among other reforms, a new social and legal system, a new system of weights and measures (which became the metric system), and a new calendar.
The days of the French Revolution and Republic saw many efforts to sweep away various trappings of the Ancien Régime (the old feudal monarchy) some of these were more successful than others. History Ī copy of the French Republican Calendar in the Historical Museum of Lausanne Later editions of the almanac would switch to the Republican Calendar.
Individual days were assigned, instead of to the traditional saints, to people noteworthy for mostly secular achievements. The lengths of the months are the same as those in the Gregorian calendar however, the 10th, 20th, and 30th days are singled out of each month as the end of a décade (group of ten days). The first month in the almanac is "Mars, ou Princeps" (March, or First), the last month is "Février, ou Duodécembre" (February, or Twelfth). The prominent atheist essayist and philosopher Sylvain Maréchal published the first edition of his Almanach des Honnêtes-gens (Almanac of Honest People) in 1788. It was briefly used again for a few weeks of the Paris Commune, in May 1871. Despite this, the republican calendar continued to be used until 1 January 1806, when Napoleon declared it abolished. The First Republic ended with the coronation of Napoleon I as Emperor on 11 Frimaire, Year XIII, or 2 December 1804. The Common Era, commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, was abolished and replaced with 'l'ère républicaine', the Republican Era, signifying the "age of reason" overcoming superstition, as part of the campaign of dechristianization. Ultimately, the calendar came to commemorate the Republic, and not the Revolution. However, the new calendar as adopted by the Convention in October 1793 made 22 September 1792 the first day of Year I. It decreed on 2 January 1793 that Year II of the Republic had begun the day before.
On 21 September 1792, the French First Republic was proclaimed, and the new National Convention decided that 1792 was to be known as Year I of the French Republic. Year I had therefore begun on 1 January 1789. However, on 2 January 1792 its successor the Legislative Assembly decided that Year IV of Liberty had begun the day before. The National Constituent Assembly at first intended to create a new calendar marking the "era of Liberty", beginning on 14 July 1789, the date of the Storming of the Bastille. It was used in government records in France and other areas under French rule, including Belgium, Luxembourg, and parts of the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Malta, and Italy. The revolutionary system was designed in part to remove all religious and royalist influences from the calendar, and was part of a larger attempt at decimalisation in France (which also included decimal time of day, decimalisation of currency, and metrication). The French Republican calendar ( French: calendrier républicain français), also commonly called the French Revolutionary calendar ( calendrier révolutionnaire français), was a calendar created and implemented during the French Revolution, and used by the French government for about 12 years from late 1793 to 1805, and for 18 days by the Paris Commune in 1871, and meant to replace the Gregorian calendar. French Republican Calendar of 1794, drawn by Philibert-Louis Debucourt
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